聊天机器人正悄然左右人类选择
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<div class="ce-paragraph cdx-block ce-paragraph--left"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;
mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">澳大利亚《对话》网站近期报道指出，生成式人工智能（</font>AI<font face="宋体">）已彻底改写了</font><font face="Calibri">“</font><font face="宋体">说服</font><font face="Calibri">”</font><font face="宋体">这门古老的艺术。如今，像</font><font face="Calibri">ChatGPT</font><font face="宋体">这类聊天机器人，能依据你生活中最隐秘的细节，呈上量身定做、直击内心的信息。这种</font><font face="Calibri">“</font><font face="宋体">润物细无声</font><font face="Calibri">”</font><font face="宋体">的手法，或许正悄然左右着你的选择，乃至重塑你的世界观。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;
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<div class="ce-paragraph cdx-block ce-paragraph--left"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;
mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">美国纽约州立大学奥尔巴尼分校文化社会学与比较历史学教授理查德</font><font face="Calibri">·</font><font face="宋体">拉克曼，在其新书《数字智慧：在人工智能时代找回主动权》中，探讨了大语言模型如何将</font><font face="Calibri">“</font><font face="宋体">说服力</font><font face="Calibri">”</font><font face="宋体">推向全新的境地。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;
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<div class="ce-paragraph cdx-block ce-paragraph--left"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;
mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">拉克曼解释说，大语言模型能从你的社交媒体帖子和照片中，攫取极为实用的专属信息。它们还能回溯你与不同聊天机器人间的对话，那些你曾倾诉的情感困惑、分享的育儿甘苦、坦露的健康烦忧与财务困境，都成了它们的</font><font face="Calibri">“</font><font face="宋体">养料</font><font face="Calibri">”</font><font face="宋体">。这些聊天机器人能在每一次互动中持续学习、实时精进，精准捕捉你独特的偏好与软肋，从而投你所好，对症下药。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;
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<div class="ce-paragraph cdx-block ce-paragraph--left"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;
mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">研究表明，这种个性化内容的说服力，比来自真人或非个性化</font>AI<font face="宋体">的信息高出</font><font face="Calibri">65%</font><font face="宋体">；而它扭转政治观点的效果，则是普通广告的</font><font face="Calibri">4</font><font face="宋体">倍。正因如此，</font><font face="Calibri">Meta</font><font face="宋体">和</font><font face="Calibri">IBM</font><font face="宋体">等公司也嗅到了其中潜力，正竞相探索如何为特定人群投放超个性化广告，</font><font face="Calibri">IBM</font><font face="宋体">官网将其称为</font><font face="Calibri">“AI</font><font face="宋体">个性化</font><font face="Calibri">”</font><font face="宋体">。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;
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<div class="ce-paragraph cdx-block ce-paragraph--left"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;
mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">拉克曼表示，</font>AI<font face="宋体">聊天机器人每天都在陪伴着你，并</font><font face="Calibri">“</font><font face="宋体">费尽心机</font><font face="Calibri">”</font><font face="宋体">为你定制了</font><font face="Calibri">“</font><font face="宋体">独家话术</font><font face="Calibri">”</font><font face="宋体">，于是，它便拥有了左右你选择的能力。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;
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<div class="ce-paragraph cdx-block ce-paragraph--left"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;
mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">设想你在和最常用的</font>AI<font face="宋体">聊天机器人对话时，说近来睡得不太安稳，常常辗转反侧，它宽慰你说这在经历情感关系压力时很常见，接着，它说现在有一种针对失眠的新型睡眠药物效果不错，你的保险报销后只需自付</font><font face="Calibri">15</font><font face="宋体">美元。需要为你预约明天下午</font><font face="Calibri">2</font><font face="宋体">点的线上问诊吗？看你日程上刚好有空。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;
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<div class="ce-paragraph cdx-block ce-paragraph--left"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;
mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">这份不着痕迹的体贴，就像一个知根知底的挚友给出的温柔建议，或许让你倍感舒心。但转念一想，它也可能令人后背发凉。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;
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<div class="ce-paragraph cdx-block ce-paragraph--left"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;
mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;"><font face="宋体">当越来越多人向</font>AI<font face="宋体">寻求医疗或心理健康建议时（尽管研究显示这类建议有一半并不靠谱），一个善于操纵的</font><font face="Calibri">“</font><font face="宋体">陌生人</font><font face="Calibri">”</font><font face="宋体">，便能用最</font><font face="Calibri">“</font><font face="宋体">温情</font><font face="Calibri">”</font><font face="宋体">的方式，左右你的决定。此前，也曾有案例曝出，某些</font><font face="Calibri">AI</font><font face="宋体">聊天机器人涉嫌危害用户、鼓动自杀念头，甚至就如何伤害自己给出详尽建议。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;
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